TimeVoyager

Modern cosmological models assume the existence of entities such as dark matter and dark energy in order to reconcile theory with observations. However, these entities have not been directly measured, and they have no independent physical description — they appear in the models solely to “balance the equations.” Such an approach, which adds untestable variables just to preserve the existing framework, creates a sense of theoretical unease.

Instead of adding new variables, the approach here suggests examining the possibility that time itself is not a constant quantity. This is not just what is already known from relativity (in which time varies as a function of speed or gravitational field), but at a deeper level: Perhaps time varies globally, with the rate of evolution of the universe, or it itself does not operate in a linear and uniform manner as it seems to us from our local measuring tools.

This assumption — of changing or dynamic time — could explain phenomena such as: • The appearance of an acceleration of expansion, if our measurement “bends” with the change of time itself. • Deviations in the mass or motion of galaxies, without needing hidden mass.

If the discrepancies in cosmological observations can be explained by changing existing assumptions (such as the constancy of time), there is no initial justification for adding “magic numbers” such as dark matter or dark energy. This is a clear case of applying Ockham’s razor: a simple explanation based on existing variables should be preferred before adding new ones.